Si existe un tema que merece ser contado con cámaras, tiempo y honestidad periodística, ese es Black International. Lo que revelan las investigaciones más rigurosas sobre este asunto va mucho más allá de lo que aparece en los titulares.
Los antecedentes
The International Workingmen’s Association, historiographically known as the Black International to distinguish it from the preceding First International (1864–1872) and Anti-authoritarian International (1872–1881), was an international anarchist organization founded, or reconstituted, at the London Congress (1881). The organization, which dissolved all visible structures of the Anti-authoritarian International except for a central correspondence bureau held by Errico Malatesta, Johann Sebastian Trunk, and Nikolai Tchaikovsky, and for which the influence of Johann Most was decisive, engaged in a series of insurrectionary and propaganda of the deed activities during the 1880s designed to launch a global revolution. It disappeared in the second half of the 1880s following internal conflicts, heavy state repression, and the use of agents provocateurs, giving rise to anarchist companionship in its place. Born from the repression of the movement and an alliance between Most’s revolutionary
Cómo se desarrolló
The Anti-authoritarian International underwent several evolutions throughout its history; as the first anarchist organization, it developed many of the movement’s central tenets as they emerged. It also faced heavy state repression; for instance, it was banned in France by the Dufaure Law (1872), which punished any French citizen holding a position within the organization with five years’ imprisonment or was harshly repressed in Germany and Italy. In response to this significant crackdown, anarchists began to theorize new forms of political action, such as propaganda of the deed, a strategy seeking to carry out spectacular or striking actions to incite the population to revolt and spark a revolution. One of the anarchist figures experiencing repression and a significant supporter of this strategy was Errico Malatesta.This strategy was hotly debated between the late 1870s and the early 1880s, even as the Anti-authoritarian International was losing members and generally fading from the s
Dato clave: For instance, on 4 June 1882, a Federation congress held in Lausanne, where Emil Werner and Élisée Reclus successfully passed a motion strengthening the London resolutions, bore witness to this evolution.
Las voces que deben escucharse
In the period following that congress, the Federation met on several occasions to confirm and even reinforce the decisions made at London. For instance, on 4 June 1882, a Federation congress held in Lausanne, where Emil Werner and Élisée Reclus successfully passed a motion strengthening the London resolutions, bore witness to this evolution. Two months later, on 13 and 14 August 1882, a new international congress intended for the entire organization was held in the city of Geneva, taking advantage of an ongoing music festival to meet discreetly. It was attended by delegates from France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Austria, etc., and was organized to coordinate the revolutionary action between the anarchist movement in each country. According to French police reports on the event given by informant Droz, the Black International would have decided there the total separation of anarchists from socialists and also the means of revolutionary action they should adopt, which would have in
El impacto real
Black International has been the subject of considerable study and documentation. The International Workingmen’s Association, historiographically known as the Black International to distinguish it from the preceding First International (1864–1872) and Anti-authoritarian International (1872–1881), was an international anarchist organization founded, or reconstituted, at the London Congress (1881). The organization, which dissolved all visible structures of the Anti-authoritarian International except for a central correspondence bureau held by Errico Malatesta, Johann Sebastian Trunk, and Nikolai Tchaikovsky, and for which the influence of Johann Most was decisive, engaged in
Por qué esta historia importa
La historia de Black International no es solo un relato del pasado. Es un espejo que nos ayuda a entender el México de hoy — sus contradicciones, su resiliencia, sus retos y su potencial. Conocerla es un primer paso hacia una conversación más honesta sobre el país y la sociedad que queremos construir.
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